What cardiac risk factor is modifiable through lifestyle changes and medication?

Hypertension is considered a modifiable cardiac risk factor because it can be effectively managed and improved through lifestyle changes as well as medication. Lifestyle modifications may include dietary changes such as reducing sodium intake, increasing physical activity, losing weight, and managing stress. These changes can significantly lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications.

Additionally, there are various antihypertensive medications available, including diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers, which specifically target and help control high blood pressure. Because hypertension can be actively treated and controlled, it stands in contrast to non-modifiable risk factors such as age and genetics, which cannot be changed. While diabetes management is certainly important and can involve lifestyle changes and medication, it is often viewed as a condition that requires more complex management beyond typical lifestyle adjustments. Hence, hypertension is the most appropriate choice among the options provided.