What condition typically results in pulmonary edema as a symptom?

Pulmonary edema is primarily associated with left-sided heart failure. In this condition, the left side of the heart is unable to effectively pump blood out to the body. As a result, blood can back up in the pulmonary circulation, leading to increased pressure in the pulmonary capillaries. This elevated pressure forces fluid to leak from the capillaries into the alveoli of the lungs, causing pulmonary edema.

The clinical implications of this condition can vary, but one common presentation is that patients may experience shortness of breath, particularly when lying flat, due to the accumulation of fluid in the lungs. It's essential to recognize this connection because managing left-sided heart failure often focuses on reducing fluid overload and optimizing heart function to alleviate symptoms like pulmonary edema.

The other conditions listed do not typically result in pulmonary edema through the same mechanism, focusing instead on different aspects of cardiac function or circulation.