What is the primary treatment for acute exacerbation of asthma?

The primary treatment for an acute exacerbation of asthma is the use of short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs). These medications function as bronchodilators, providing rapid relief of asthma symptoms by relaxing the smooth muscles surrounding the airways, leading to increased airflow. They are typically administered via inhalation and work quickly, usually within minutes, making them ideal for the management of acute asthma episodes.

In acute situations, the immediate goal is to alleviate bronchospasm and improve breathing, and SABAs are specifically designed for this purpose. While inhaled corticosteroids are important for long-term control of asthma and the prevention of exacerbations, they do not provide quick relief during an acute episode. Long-acting beta-agonists, on the other hand, are not used for quick relief due to their slower onset of action, and anticholinergics, while they can have a role in managing acute exacerbations, are not usually the first-line treatment compared to SABAs. Thus, for rapid intervention during an acute exacerbation, SABAs are the preferred medication.