Which class of pharmacological agents decreases plasma volume by increasing the excretion of sodium and urine?

The class of pharmacological agents that decreases plasma volume by increasing the excretion of sodium and urine is diuretics. Diuretics work by promoting the kidneys to excrete more sodium, which subsequently leads to increased water excretion. This reduction in sodium and water retention lowers blood volume, which can help decrease blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart.

Diuretics are commonly prescribed for conditions such as hypertension and heart failure, where fluid overload is a concern. By enhancing renal elimination of sodium and water, they help manage fluid balance in patients and can alleviate symptoms associated with edema and hypertension.

Other classes of medications, such as calcium channel blockers, nitrates, and beta blockers, have different primary mechanisms of action. While they may affect blood pressure and fluid status indirectly, their main roles are not centered on the direct promotion of diuresis like that of diuretics.