Which etiology is most likely associated with right-sided heart failure?

Right-sided heart failure is often associated with conditions that directly affect the right side of the heart or the lungs, leading to increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation. One of the primary etiologies for right-sided heart failure is pulmonary valve disease, which can obstruct blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. When the flow is obstructed, the right ventricle must work harder to pump blood, resulting in hypertrophy and eventual failure.

In contrast, while conditions like hypertension, coronary artery disease, and aortic valve disease can contribute to heart failure, they typically lead to left-sided heart failure or bilateral heart failure. For example, systemic hypertension primarily affects the left ventricle due to the increased systemic resistance it has to overcome. Similarly, coronary artery disease primarily impacts the left side of the heart by affecting blood supply, leading to ischemia. Aortic valve disease also predominantly results in left-sided heart problems due to increased load on the left ventricle.

Therefore, the most direct connection between the listed options and right-sided heart failure is pulmonary valve disease, as it specifically impacts the mechanisms and structures involved in right ventricular function and pulmonary circulation.