Which of the following is a common symptom of congestive heart failure?

Shortness of breath, also known as dyspnea, is a hallmark symptom of congestive heart failure (CHF). This occurs because the heart's ability to pump blood effectively is compromised, leading to fluid accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary congestion) and resulting in difficulty breathing, especially during exertion or when lying flat. In CHF, the heart struggles to meet the body's oxygen demands, prompting the individual to experience sensations of breathlessness.

While chest pain, palpitations, and dizziness can occur in various cardiac conditions, they are not specific or commonly seen symptoms of congestive heart failure in the same way that shortness of breath is. In fact, shortness of breath is often one of the first signs that patients with CHF report, especially as the condition worsens or during episodes of exacerbation. This makes it a critical focus for assessment and management in patients diagnosed with heart failure.